身体活動と健康、ポジティブ心理学の付加価値？

Physical activity and health, an add value for Positive Psychology² PROF. CHARLES MARTIN KRUMM ENRP PRESIDENT IPPA FELLOW ERP ÉQUIPE DE RECHERCHE EN PSYCHOLOGIE NSPIRE YOUR BRAIN LOVES THE GYM (OR SIDEWALK, BIKE TRAIL, POOL,...) WHEN YOU EXERCISE Norepinephrine is released, improving attention, perception and motivation. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is released, protecting and repairing neurons from injury and degeneration. Hormones combine with BDNF to grow brain cells, regulate mood and provide mental clarity. The hippocampus, a part of the brain concerned with learning and memory, grows in size with regular exercise over time. Endorphins are released, dulling the sensation of pain. Serotonin is released, enhancing mood. Blood flow to the brain increases, delivering oxygen and nutrients and improving waste removal. Dopamine is released, improving motivation, focus and learning. Plan... 1. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, WHAT IS IT ABOUT AND WHAT IS THE CURRENT SITUATION? 2. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, WHAT FOR, BARRIERS AND LEVERS? 3. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, HOW MUCH? 1. Physical activity, what is it about? 5 AGE-TIMING LEN european aquatics arena What is the current situation? On the one hand... ▸ Physical activity helps to reduce ▸ Mortality, ▸ Disease and its consequences, ▸ and improves quality of life. ▸ Promoting physical activity and combating sedentary lifestyles are major public health objectives, as are the fight against non-communicable diseases (NCDs)... On the other hand... ▸ Only 42.5% recommended level of physical activity, ▸ Physical inactivity is the 4th leading cause of death, ▸ One of the biggest public health problems of the 21st century, ▸ 6 to 10% of NIDs are attributable to physical inactivity ▸ 5.3 million deaths / year could be avoided 6 7 THE EFFECTS OF A SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE ON HEALTH Marlin-Morin & Tremblay (2004) ▸ Sedentary lifestyle = time spent sitting down ▸ Deleterious effects on cardio-metabolic health ▸ Increased risk of mortality from all causes ▸ Increased mortality from cardiovascular disease ▸ Increased mortality from cancer ▸ Risks independent of level of physical activity! ▸ Physical activity does not compensate! ▸ But higher levels of physical activity do mitigate some of the risk. Physical activity, what for? There are two main options: 2.1 "Illness" prevention and well-being promotion PRÉVENTION 10 2.1 Prevention... and increase in resources at school... Reduced absenteeism, Reduced aggression, Reduced disciplinary action, Better school results, Improved behaviour, Improved attention (Ratey, 2010), Stimulation of learning capacity and memory (Ratey, 2009) At work Isoard-Gautheur, Ginoux, & Sarrazin (2021) Effects on well-being characterised by low burnout and high vigour: • Effects on burnout: ◦ Occupational stress, ◦ Decreased resources ◦ Manifestations/emotions (i.e., lack of energy/empathy), physical (i.e., fatigue), cognitive (i.e., mental agility). • Effects on vigour (Shirom, 2011): ◦ Physical strength, ◦ Emot