怒りは発散させるよりも、チルが大事。

Clinical Psychology Review 109 (2024) 102414 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Clinical Psychology Review journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/clinpsychrev Review A meta-analytic review of anger management activities that increase or decrease arousal: What fuels or douses rage? Sophie L. Kjervik a,b, Brad J. Bushman a,* a The Ohio State University, USA b Virginia Commonwealth University, USA ARTICLE INFO Keywords: Anger management Physical activity Yoga Mindfulness Meditation Relaxation ABSTRACT Anger is an unpleasant emotion that most people want to get rid of. Some anger management activities focus on decreasing arousal (e.g., deep breathing, mindfulness, meditation), whereas others focus on increasing arousal (e. g., hitting a bag, jogging, venting). This meta-analytic review, based on 154 studies including 146 independent samples (N = 10,656), examined the efficacy of anger management activities varying in arousal. Results showed that arousal-decreasing activities decreased anger and aggression (g = −0.63, [−0.82, −0.43]), and the results were robust. There were cubic time for participants of different genders, races, ages, and cultures. Arousal- decreasing activities were effective in students and non-students, in criminal offenders and non-offenders, and in individuals with and without intellectual disabilities. Arousal-decreasing activities were effective regardless of how they were delivered (e.g., digital platforms, researchers, therapists), in both group and individual sessions, and in both field and laboratory settings. In contrast, arousal-increasing activities were ineffective overall (g = −0.02, [−0.13, 0.09]) and were heterogeneous and complex. These results provide robust support for the idea that venting anger does not "let off steam" or provide anger management activities. A more effective approach for managing anger is "turning down the heat" of calming down by engaging in activities that decrease arousal. A growing proportion of the world's population feels angry (Gallup, 2022). Anger is a common reaction to provocation (Carver & Harmon- Jones, 2009; Prisco, 1986; Shaver, Schwartz, Kirson, & O'Connor, 1987). The interpretation of provocation can be influenced by the sit- uation and the level of personal experienced closedness (Shaver, 1962). For example, a traffic jam may not automatically increase anger, but if a person has a job interview and the traffic jam is blocking them from getting to the interview on time, it can cause them to become angrier and peeked as more a more aggressive driver (Bushman & Gross, 2023). Acting on anger can lead to physical alterations, road rage in- cidents, injuries, and even death. This meta-analytic review examines the management of anger feelings using activities that decrease or in- crease arousal. First, we define anger. 2. Dimensions of emotions: valence and arousal All emotions, including anger, can be characterized along two di- mensions: (1) valence (i.e., positive vs. neg