仕事と余暇は切り分けるべきだ。ただし、幸せに働いている人は別

Received: 9 February 2023 | Revised: 9 February 2024 | Accepted: 22 March 2024 DOI: 10.1002/job.2792 RESEARCH ARTICLE Not detaching from work during leisure time: A control-theory perspective on job-related cognitions Sabine Sonnentag | Monika Wiegelmann University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany Correspondence Sabine Sonnentag, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, A5, 6, C104, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany. Email: sabine.sonnentag@uni-mannheim.de Funding Information Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Grant/Award Number: 408804332 Summary Lack of psychological detachment from work during leisure time is related to unfavorable affective states and poor well-being, but little is known about the processes that drive this relationship. We propose that lack of detachment from work translates into next-day negative and positive affect by specific thought processes. Building on a control-theory approach to repetitive thought and rumination, we introduce a refined conceptualization of job-related cognitions during leisure time that integrates a valence perspective (referring to negative versus positive events) with a temporal-direction perspective (backward-oriented vs. forward-oriented). Using daily-survey data collected from 243 employees over two weeks, multilevel path analysis revealed that lack of detachment from negative events predicted backward-oriented negative rumination and forward-oriented solution seeking. Lack of detachment from positive events predicted backward-oriented positive rumination and forward-oriented goal planning. Only backward-oriented negative rumination, in turn, predicted next-day negative affect. Neuroticism and extraversion moderated the relationships between lack of detachment and job-related cognitions, resulting in a particularly strong serial indirect effect between lack of detachment from negative events and next-day negative affect for persons high in neuroticism. Our study helps to understand why and for whom lack of psychological detachment from work during leisure time is particularly adverse. KEYWORDS affect, control theory, daily survey, job-related cognitions, psychological detachment from work, rumination INTRODUCTION Work in today's economy is highly demanding. Due to high cognitive and emotional demands, many employees experience tension and stress (American Psychological Association, 2021; Health and Safety Executive, 2022). High job demands are related to poor well-being (Gonzalez-Mulé et al., 2021; Crain et al., 2020) and even a shortened life expectancy in premature death (Gonzalez Mulé & Cockburn, 2017). To counteract the negative consequences of highly demanding work, employees need to recover during leisure time (Bennett et al., 2018; Zijlstra et al., 2014). Research has identified leisure-time psychological detachment from work as a crucial aspect of a successful recovery process (Sonnentag & Fritz, 2015). Psychological detachment from work refers to an employee's "s