ASPREDICTED Wharton CREDIBILITY LAB University of Pennsylvania ESM study: time use, positive emotion experiences, and well-being (#66623) Created: 05/24/2021 12:46 AM [PT] Public: 06/30/2021 09:06 AM [PT] Author(s) Irene Teulings (Student) - irene.teulings@student.uva.nl Rui Sun (Postdoc researcher) - r.sun@uva.nl Disa Sauter (Associate Professor) - D.A.Sauter@uva.nl 1) Have any data been collected for this study already? It's complicated. We have already collected some data that we will explain in Question 8 why readers may consider this a valid pre-registration nevertheless. 2) What's the main question being asked or hypothesis being tested in this study? Project Description Psychological well-being is profoundly influenced by how one spends one's time. Past literature has shown that social and active activities contribute to wellbeing. However, little is known about how engagement in these activities leads to better wellbeing. Here, we test the role of emotional experience as a potential mediating mechanism. Wellbeing is known to vary as a result of recent momentary emotional experiences. Additionally, engagement in social or active activities elicits positive emotions. Therefore, we will test the following hypothesis: H1: Social interaction (as compared to being alone) positively affects wellbeing, and this relationship is mediated by momentary emotional experiences. We expect that this effect is more pronounced for face-to-face interactions than for technology-mediated interactions. H2: Active (as compared to passive) activities positively affect wellbeing, and this link is mediated by momentary emotional experiences. To assess participants' activities, momentary emotional experiences, and wellbeing, we will use data collected in 2019-2020 using the Experience Sampling Method. Participants filled out a survey 5 times a day for 15 days. Participants were asked which emotions they had experienced since the last survey moment, and which emotion was most intense. Additionally, participants reported if they were interacting with anyone during this most intense emotional experience. Participants also reported what they were doing while experiencing this most intensely felt emotion. Here, they could choose from 20 different activities, of which some were active (e.g., exercising) and others passive (e.g., watching TV). 3) Describe the key dependent variable(s) specifying how they will be measured. Wellbeing was assessed with two items. Subjects rated "I feel physically healthy", "I feel mentally healthy", "I feel stressed", and "I'm tired" with 0 = "Strongly disagree" to 100 = "Strongly agree". Emotional Wellbeing ("At this moment, I feel good about myself" and "At this moment, I have the feeling that I lead a purposeful and meaningful life") with 1 = "Totally disagree" to 7 = "Totally agree"). Resilience ("I could describe myself as pretty strong person", "I have a high capacity to oversetbacks", and "I feel that in my difficult situations I am ab