7/23(日) IPPA 4日目②成長 2.0: ポジティブな神経可塑性を利用し

Growth 2.0: Using Positive Neuroplasticity To Build Lasting Inner Strengths Rick Hanson, Ph.D. Greater Good Science Center, UC Berkeley Global Compassion Coalition www.RickHanson.net Positive psychology is fundamentally focused on growth – in coping, well-being, and flourishing. Lasting positive changes in the mind must involve lasting positive changes in the brain. How can we promote those neural changes by how we engage the experiences we are having? Shaping the Course of a Life Challenges Vulnerabilities Resources Location of Resources World Body Mind Resources in the Mind – Inner Strengths Described variously as character strengths (Park, et al., 2004), virtues (Dahlsgaard et al., 2005; Fowers et al., 2021), psychological capital (Luthans & Youseff-Morgan, 2017), positive psychological traits (Martin et al., 2015), etc. Examples include interpersonal skills, impulse control, positive mood, new perspectives, mindfulness, self-compassion, grit, gratitude, resilience, love, motivation, secure attachment, and wisdom. The harder a person's life, the more challenges one has, the less the outer world is helping – the more important it is to have inner strengths like these. To make this more real: What are you trying to develop inside the minds of the people you work with? To make this more real: What are you trying to develop inside the minds of the people you work with? What are you trying to develop inside yourself? To make this more real: What are you trying to develop inside the minds of the people you work with? What are you trying to develop inside yourself? What – if it were more present inside someone's mind – would help these days? To a large extent, our inner strengths must be acquired (rather than innate) (Roberts et al., 2006; Skinner & Zimmer-Gembeck, 2007). This acquisition is a two-stage process of social-emotional learning, broadly speaking, in which the neural correlates of experience are encoded into lasting changes in the brain (Josselyn et al., 2015). Mechanisms of Neuroplastic Change (De)Sensitizing existing synapses Building new synapses Building and integrating new neurons Altered gene expression Altered activity in a region Altered connectivity among regions Changes in neurochemical activity (e.g., dopamine) Changes in neurotrophic factors (e.g., BDNF) Modulation by stress hormones, cytokines Information transfer from hippocampus to cortex Slow wave and REM sleep Inner strengths are acquired in two stages: Encoding → Consolidation Activation → Installation State → Trait BUT: Experiencing doesn't equal learning. Activation without installation may be pleasant, but no trait resources are acquired. What fraction of our beneficial mental states lead to lasting changes in neural structure or function? Formally and informally, we tend to focus more on activation than on installation. This alone reduces the gains from psychotherapy, coaching, human resources training, mindfulness programs, and self-help activities. And meanwhile, th