Plenary Basic Beliefs of Hope: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Chair: James Pawelski Andreas Krafft HOPE BAROMETER Background Anxiety Hope How do I see myself? How can I shape my life? What can I influence? How do I see the world? How can the world influence my life? Basic model of Hope Current Situation Wish Desire Uncertainty Goal Ideal HOPE BAROMETER Basic model of Hope HOPE BAROMETER Current Situation Wish Desire Uncertainty Goal Ideal Belief in (future) possibilities Basic model of Hope Current Situation → Wish Desire → Obstacles Difficulties → Goal Ideal Belief in (future) possibilities HOPE BAROMETER HOPE BAROMETER Basic model of Hope Current situation Wish Desire Obstacles Difficulties Trust in strengths and resources Goal Ideal Belief in (future) possibilities HOPE BAROMETER Basic model of Hope Current Situation Wish Desire Trust in strengths and resources Willpower Goal Ideal Belief in (future) possibilities HOPE BAROMETER Broaden and Build Levels of Hope Elements of Hope Dimensions of Hope • Wishes Higher Power Spirituality Transcendent • Beliefs Planet, Nature Environmental • Trust Community Society Collective Inter- personal Social Person Individual HOPE BAROMETER Perceived Hope Perceived Hope Scale 1. In my life hope outweighs anxiety. 2. Even in difficult times I am able to remain hopeful. 3. My hopes are usually fulfilled. 4. I feel hopeful. 5. Hope improves the quality of my life. 6. I am hopeful with regard to my life. 0=Strongly disagree 5=Strongly agree Cronbach Alpha = .91 Kraft, A. M., Marth-Groom, C., & Fereados, F. (2017/2019). Adaptation, further elaboration, and validation of a scale to measure hope as perceived by people. Discriminant value and predictive utility vis-à-vis dispositional hope. Assessment, 26(8), 1594-1600. HOPE BAROMETER Perceived Hope Mean Values Dec. 2024 Romania 3.84 3.74 Portugal 3.57 South Africa 3.47 Israel 3.46 Egypt 3.43 France 3.41 Jordan 3.34 India 3.26 Slovakia 3.25 Spain 3.22 Poland 3.13 Switzerland 3.08 Palestine 3.06 Czech Rep. 2.81 Japan 2.47 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 HOPE BAROMETER Probable Future Scenarios in 20 Years Flourishing Scenario in 20 Years By continuing on its current path of economic and technological development, humanity will overcome the obstacles it faces and enter a new age of sustainability, peace, and prosperity. Crisis Scenario in 20 Years An increased population, environmental destruction, new diseases and ethnic and regional conflicts mean the world is heading for a bad time of crisis and trouble. HOPE BAROMETER Probable Future Scenarios in 20 Years Mean values Dec. 2024 Romania Israel India Palestine Nigeria Czech Rep. Portugal Japan Egypt Jordan Slovakia Spain South Africa Poland France Switzerland 3.70 3.77 3.27 3.81 3.10 3.66 3.11 3.47 3.50 3.04 3.22 3.28 3.65 2.60 2.57 4.24 4.00 4.35 3.88 4.44 3.66 3.89 4.37 4.42 4.22 4.45 4.54 4.46 4.70 4.69 4.69 Crisis Scenario Flourishing Scenario 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 Very unlikely Very likely 10 Bivariate Correlati